_____ is person-to-person or face-to-face discrimination.

• A. Institutional discrimination
• B. Structural discrimination
• C. Cultural discrimination
• D. Individual discrimination

Answer: (D)

Interpersonal discrimination is the idea being tested here: it describes discrimination that happens in direct, face-to-face interactions between people. When bias leads one person to treat another differently in person because of characteristics like race, gender, or religion, that is individual discrimination. It focuses on the actor and the immediate act. By contrast, institutional discrimination involves policies or practices within organizations that produce unequal outcomes; structural discrimination refers to the broader, system-wide arrangements that maintain inequality; and cultural discrimination is tied to negative beliefs or stereotypes embedded in culture. Since this scenario describes a direct, personal action rather than rules, systems, or cultural norms, the best fit is individual discrimination.