The case of Javier illustrates which mobility type?

• A. Horizontal mobility
• B. Downward social mobility
• C. Upward mobility
• D. Intergenerational mobility

Answer: (B)

Social mobility tracks changes in where someone sits in the social hierarchy. When that change is a drop in status, it’s downward vertical mobility. Javier’s case shows him moving to a lower social position than before, which fits a downshift in status rather than a rise. It’s not horizontal mobility, which would mean moving to a different job or role but staying on the same level; it’s not upward mobility, which would be a rise; and it’s not intergenerational mobility, which would involve comparing his status to that of his parents or children. So the best label is downward social mobility.