Zero population growth refers to what concept?

• A. An ever-dying culture
• B. Migration equal to births
• C. Births that exactly replace deaths in the population
• D. Population growth due to high fertility

Answer: (C)

Zero population growth occurs when the number of births exactly replaces the number of deaths, so the population size remains stable from one generation to the next, assuming no net migration. This reflects replacement-level fertility, typically about two children per woman in many societies, though the exact number varies with mortality and migration. The idea is that births balance deaths, preventing growth or decline. The other descriptions don’t fit: an ever-dying culture is unrelated to the balance of births and deaths; migration equal to births ignores deaths and emigration; and growth from high fertility is the opposite of zero population growth.